Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology

Article Title: Contrast sensitivity, V1 neural activity, and natural vision

doi: 10.1152/jn.00635.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Background image power spectra, RF locations, and adaptation. A: the locations of RFs are indicated by 1° yellow circles (the average RF size) at their locations on the background image during fixation 1. Adaptation appears to have occurred in the RFs on the first fixation and been over into the second fixation. The red square indicates the aggregate RF area for all neurons studied. In addition to the RFs, we show white circles to indicate the corresponding upper visual field locations where stimuli would appear on the second fixation; these were included for the 2AFC behavioral task, and presumably, adaptation occurred at these sites as well. B, left: a 2-dimensional (2-D) FFT (MATLAB fft2) of the entire background image (blue border). The red boxes show the aggregate RF area on the background image and its 2-D FFT. In both the overall image and the aggregate RF area, low spatial frequencies were dominant. C: radially averaged power spectra are shown for three 1° background-image RF areas used in the contrast sensitivity task (cyc/deg, cycles/degree). We examined the power spectra of all background-image RF areas and found them to be similarly dominated by lower spatial frequencies.

Article Snippet: Each curve was then fit with a logistic function using the Palamedes toolbox in MATLAB (Prins and Kingdom 2014).

Techniques:

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Serial Dependence in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements of Preadolescent Children and Adults

doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.14.37

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experiment data. ( A ) Group mean ( thin dotted lines ) of open-loop ( left ) and closed-loop ( right ) pursuit direction error ( D E ) and ±1 SE ( shaded areas ) as a function of the target-relative moving direction of the first previous (i.e., 1-back) trial ( D R 1 ). “CCW” and “CW” on the x-axis indicate that the target motion direction in the previous trial was counterclockwise (CCW) or clockwise (CW) to that in the current trial. “CCW” and “CW” on the y-axis indicate that pursuit direction was CCW or CW to the target motion direction in the current trial. Thick solid lines indicate the fitted DoG curves. The amplitude of the DoG curve ( a ) indicates the size of serial dependence. ( B ) The size of serial dependence ( a ) in the open-loop response for the previous one to five trials (i.e., 1-back to 5-back). Error bars represent bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. ( C ) Histograms and Gaussian fits of the overall pursuit direction noise in the open-loop response for children ( green bars and lines ) and adults ( gray bars and lines ). * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: We then fitted the percentage data with a cumulative Gaussian function using the maximum likelihood method of the Palamedes Toolbox in MATLAB to obtain an oculometric curve.

Techniques:

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Serial Dependence in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements of Preadolescent Children and Adults

doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.14.37

Figure Lengend Snippet: The percentage of counterclockwise binary pursuit responses in each participant group as a function of the deviation of target motion direction from each data set’s canonical direction for the four cardinal (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°; upper ) and the four oblique direction data sets (45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°; lower ). Data are fitted with cumulative Gaussian functions ( solid and dashed lines ).

Article Snippet: We then fitted the percentage data with a cumulative Gaussian function using the maximum likelihood method of the Palamedes Toolbox in MATLAB to obtain an oculometric curve.

Techniques:

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Serial Dependence in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements of Preadolescent Children and Adults

doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.14.37

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polar plots of ( A ) the precision (standard deviation of the best-fitting Gaussian function) and ( B ) the size of serial dependence ( a ) in pursuit direction for the four cardinal (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) and the four oblique (45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) direction data sets. The dashed lines in ( B ) represent a values across the 360° circular angle space, as plotted in A.

Article Snippet: We then fitted the percentage data with a cumulative Gaussian function using the maximum likelihood method of the Palamedes Toolbox in MATLAB to obtain an oculometric curve.

Techniques: Standard Deviation